奥巴马获奖感言50字内容 79句
1. 隐喻 (Metaphor)
2. nly a crippling status quo. No repressive regime can move down a new path unless it has the choice of an open door.In lightof the CulturalRevolutions horrors,Nixon s meeting with Maoappeared inexcusable -and yetitsurelyhelped set China on a path wheremillions of its citizens have been lifted from po
3. 语气温和，富有亲和力
4. 引用 (allusion^v^ation) 也是演讲常用修辞手法。演讲者常常引经据典, 一方面显示自己的博学, 另一方面让众所周知的人或事来帮自己说话能使听众更好地理解自己的观点。第一种是间接引用, 即用典 (allusion) , 指的是提及神话中或历史上著名的人或事件而使听众产生联想。奥巴马在评论106岁的安·^v^·库珀时的话就有很多用典。如“When the bombs fell on our harbor and tyranny threatened the world” (当炸弹落在我们的海港, 当暴行威胁整个世界) 分别指的是“日本偷袭美国珍珠港”和“德国发动二战”;“the buses in Montgomery, the hoses in Birmingham, a bridge in Selma” (^v^的公共汽车, 伯明翰的水龙头, 塞尔玛的桥) 指的分别是黑人为争取权利的三个事件。“^v^的公共汽车”指1955年, 黑人妇女帕克斯在^v^市的一辆公车上拒绝给一个白人让座, 被捕入狱后触发了长达一年的黑人抵制行动, 最后成功要求该巿所有巴士废除种族隔离。“伯明翰的水龙头”指1963年, 马丁·路德·金在伯明翰城领导一场为黑人争取工作, 并反对禁止黑人在“白人餐馆”就餐的斗争。警察使用了警犬和水龙头对付抗议的群众。而后金发表《我有一个梦想》的著名演说。“塞尔玛的桥”则指1965年, 塞尔马地区的黑人不满政府无理剥夺他们的选举权, 决定游行到州首府^v^, 但在经过埃蒙德佩图斯桥时, 警察向游行队伍施放催泪弹, 又用木棍殴打游行人士, 结果造成百多人浴血的“埃盟德佩图斯桥”惨剧。这三件事都与黑人民权运动有关且是建立在美国开国元勋的理想理念之下的, 所以奥巴马在演讲中重提这些事件, 非常符合他所提出的政治口号;“A man touched down on the moon, awall came down in Berlin, a world was connected by our own science and imagination.” (一个人踏上了月球, 一座墙在柏林轰然倒塌, 一个世界由我们的科学和想象联结在一起) 则指的是美国人尼尔·阿姆斯特朗成为第一个登上月球的人和德国人推倒阻隔东西德28年多的柏林墙, 重获统一, 这两件事分别指代当今世界两大主题, 即和平与发展, 虽然这里只提到科技发展。这说明了奥巴马作为总统不会只关注本国的发展, 更要关心整个世界的格局。另外一种引用是指不加任何修改地直接借用名人名言到自己的演讲中, 如奥巴马直接引用林肯的“a government of thepeople, by the people and for the people has not perishedfrom this earth.” (民有, 民治, 民享的政府永远不会从地球上消失) 。而源自亚特兰大传教士的那句“We Shall Overcome” (我们将胜利或我们将打破种族障碍) 指的是美国黑人民权运动 (1955-1968) 时一首主要歌曲的名字, 作为第一位美国黑人总统的奥巴马引用起来得心应手而又再合适不过。
5. eed their own people - or nations educate their children and care for the sick - is not mere charity. It s also why the world must come together to confront climate change. There is little scientific dispute that if we do nothing, we will face more drought, more famine, more massdisplacement - all of which will fuel more conflict for decades. For this reason, it is not merely scientists and environmental activists who call for swift and forceful action -it smilitary leaders in my own country and others who understand our common security hangs in
6. 1 感悟思维差异
7. e are joined by42 other countries - including Norway - in an effort to defend ourselves and all nations from further attacks.Still, we are at war, and I m responsible for the deployment of thousands of young Americans to battle in a distant land. Some will kill, and somewill be killed. And so I come
8. 反复(repetition)
9. nning,and not theend, of my laborson the world stage. Compared to some of the giants of history whovereceived this prize - Schweitzer and King; Marshall and Mandela - myaccomplishments are slight. And then there are the men and women aroundthe worldwho have been jailedand beaten inthe pursuitof just
10. 4 建构教学模式
11. 2 情态系统分析
12. ar do have a role to play in preserving the peace. And yet this truth must coexist with another - that no matter how justified, war promises human tragedy. The soldiers courage andsacrifice is full of glory, expressing devotion to country, to cause, to comrades in arms. But war itself is never glori
13. ot seek; one in which we are joined by42 other countries - including Norway - in an effort to defend ourselves and all nations from further attacks.Still, weare at war, and I mresponsible for the deployment of thousands of young Americans to battle in a distant land. Some will kill, and some will be
14. 3 品格诉诸(ethos)
15. aging of war, treaties to protect human rights, prevent genocide, restrict the most dangerous weapons.In manyways, these efforts succeeded. Yes, terrible wars have been fought, and atrocities committed. But there has been no Third World War. The Cold War ended with jubilant crowds dismantling a wall
16. know how to edit the mistakes. And they want to help write a happy ending. Really good teachers know they have the ability to make a child happy or sad, to make a child feel confident or unsure, to make a child feel wanted or discarded. And students know when we care, when we care enough to read their stories.（此话很有道理，为人师者应从之！）专心-专注-专业
17. wagers of peace.Let me make one final point about the use of force. Even as we makedifficultdecisionsabout going to war, we must alsothinkclearlyabouthow we fight it. The Nobel Committee recognized this truth in awardingitsfirstprizeforpeace to Henry Dunant -the founder of the Red Cross,and a drivi
18. 用518个字的特写方式，重点讲述了了一位亚特兰大的106岁的黑人老妇人安·^v^·库柏热心投票的爱国热情，并从她的视角回顾了美国经济的发展、壮大以及繁荣的过程。也回顾了美国消除种族歧视、性别歧视成为一个人人平等的民主社会的历程，以此来审视现实和展望美好的未来。
19. t their classroom door with a unique and intriguing, yet incomplete story. The really good teachers are able to read a child's story, and recognize the remarkable opportunity to help author that story. The really good teachers know how to script confidence and success onto the blank pages. They
20. which thetotalnumber of civilianswho died exceeded the number ofsoldierswho perished.In the wake of such destruction, and with the advent of the nuclear age, it became clear to victor and vanquished alike that the world neededinstitutions to prevent another world war. And so, a quarter century after
21. n a gradual evolution in humaninstitutions. ” A gradual evolution of human institutions.What might thisevolutionlook like?What might these practicalsteps be?To begin with,I believethatallnations-strongand weak alike-mustadhere to standards that govern the use of force. I - like any head ofstate-rese
22. 各类演讲中最常用的修辞手法非排比（paral-
23. just peace includes not only civil and political rights - itmust encompass economic security and opportunity. For true peace is not just freedom from fear, but freedom from want.It is undoubtedly true that development rarely takes root without security; it is also true that security does not exist w
24. Commercehas stitched much of the world together. Billions have been lifted from poverty. The ideals of liberty and self-determination, equality and the rule of law have haltingly advanced. Weare the heirs of the fortitude and foresight of generations past, and it is a legacy for which my own count
25. 奥巴马获胜演讲的词语选用
26. novations and economic prosperity of this new century. And that's why as President I'm committed to doing everything I can to support the work of teachers. That's why we're working to create better standards and assessments that teachers can use in their classroom. That's why we&
27. 排比(paralldism)
28. 对照或对句（antithesis）也是演讲中一个比较常见的修辞手法。该手法通过将对比明显的两个事物或事件
29. 研究框架和理论背景
30. 引用（allusion & quotation）也是演讲常用修辞手
31. nother world war. And so, a quarter century after the United States Senate rejected the League of Nations - an idea for which Woodrow Wilson received this prize - America led the world in constructing an architecture to keep the peace: a Marshall Plan and a United Nations, mechanisms to govern the w
32. 2 情态分析
33. ry is rightfully proud.And yet, a decade into a new century, this old architecture is buckling under the weight of new threats. The world may no longer shudder at the prospect of war between two nuclear superpowers, but proliferation may increase the risk of catastrophe. Terrorism has long been a ta
34. 结语
35. serving of this honor than I.But perhaps the most profound issue surrounding my receipt of this prize is the fact that I am the Commander-in-Chief of the military of a nationin the midst of two wars. One of these wars is winding down. The other is a conflict that America did not seek; one in which w
36. 各类演讲中最常用的修辞手法非排比 (parallelism) 莫属, 可以说是必不可少的。排比即将三个或三个以上结构一致或相似的词、词组或句子并置在一起。使用排比会给人以一气呵成之感, 节奏感强, 增强语言气势, 加强表达效果, 可以把论点阐述得更严密, 更透彻。在奥巴马的演讲中不乏成功的排比句。如:“The true strength of our nation comes not from our might of our arms or the scale of our wealth, but from the enduring power of our ideals:democracy, liberty, opportunity, and unyielding hope.” (我们国家的真正力量不是来自我们强有力的武器, 亦非来自我们雄厚的财富, 而是来自我们持久不变的理想:民主、自由、机遇和夙愿) , 这属于单词的排比, 而这在汉语中一般并不归类为排比;再如:“She lived to see them stand up and speak out and reach for the ballot.” (她活着看到女人们站起来, 说出来, 并获得选举权) ;“There is new energy to harness and new jobs to be created;new schools to build and threats to meet and alliances to repair.” (我们还要使用新的能量, 创造新的就业机会, 开办新的学校, 勇敢面对威胁, 积极修复盟国关系) 和“I would not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last sixteen years, the rock of our family and the love of my life, our nation’s next First Lady, Michelle Obama.” (我今晚能站在这里, 是和一个人的不懈支持分不开的。她是我过去十六年中最好的朋友, 我家庭的基石, 我一生的至爱, 她就是我们国家的下一位第一夫人, 米歇尔·奥巴马) , 这属于词组的排比;又如:“I may not have won your vote, but I hear your voices, I need your help, and I will be your President too.” (也许我没有获得你们的选票, 但是我听到了你们的声音, 我需要你们的帮助, 我也将是你们的总统) 和“If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible;who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time;who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.” (如果还有人怀疑美国是一个一切皆有可能的国家, 如果还有人怀疑我们国家的缔造者们的梦想如今是否依然存在, 如果还有人怀疑我们国家民主的力量, 那么今晚你们就可以得到答案) , 这属于句子的排比。排比的运用使奥巴马的演讲语言更丰富, 结构更紧凑, 说理更有力度。
37. 借代 (Metonymy)
38. that led those who've been told for so long by so
39. f the international community must mean something. Those regimes thatbreak the rules must be held accountable. Sanctions must exact a real price. Intransigence must be met with increased pressure - and such pressure exists only when the world stands together as one.One urgent example is the effortto
40. at all of you do by staying past that last bell; staying up late grading those papers; putting together lesson plans; spending your own money on books and supplies; and going beyond the call of duty. You do it because you know that's what will make a difference, because you believe that there
41. pplies to those who violate international laws by brutalizing their own people. Whenthere is genocide in Darfur, systematic rape in Congo, repression in Burma - there must be consequences. Yes, there will be engagement;yes, there will bediplomacy - but there mustbe consequences when those things fai
42. 3 主位结构的分析
43. 语气。通过对奥巴马发表的有关经济, 外交, 战争, 移民和教育这五个方面的演讲语料的统计分析, 我们得出其中陈述语气有684句, 祈使语气有31句, 疑问语气有8句。
44. #39;re promoting innovation in teaching and learning, making critical investments in early childhood education, and helping more Americans walk through the door of higher education. And it's why we're taking ground-breaking steps to recruit, prepare, support and reward outstanding teachers -
45. inherent rights and dignity of every individual can truly be lasting.It was this insight that drove drafters of the Universal Declaration ofHumanRights after the Second World War. In the wake of devastation, they recognized that if human rights are not protected, peace is a hollowpromise.And yet to
46. artin Luther King Jr. said in this same ceremony years ago: “Violence never brings pe rmanent peace. It solves no social problem: it merely creates new and more complicated ones. ” As someonewho stands here as a direct consequence of Dr. King s life work, I am living testimony to the moral force of
47. 对照或对句 (antithesis) 也是演讲中一个比较常见的修辞手法。该手法通过将对比明显的两个事物或事件并置而达到强调差异的目的, 对比的两方在意思上是相反的, 但在形式是相似的。如:“It’s the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, Democrat and Republican, black, white, Latino, Asian, and Native American, gay, stra ight, disabled and not disabled...” (无论是年轻人还是年长者, 富人还是穷人, 民主党人还是共和党人, 黑人还是白人, 拉美人、亚洲人还是美国人, ^v^还是异性恋, 残疾人还是健全人, 他们都在回答这个问题) ;再如:“Our stories are singular, but our destiny is shared.” (我们的故事是不同的, 但我们的命运是相同的) ;又如:“To those who would tear this world down——we will defeat you.To those who seek peace and security——we support you.” (对于那些想要破坏这个世界的人, 我们要打败你们。对于那些追求和平与安全的人, 我们支持你们。) 通过对照的方式可以使自己想突出的观点更凸显。
48. 反复、平行结构与对照
49. ian became blurred. In the span of 30 years, such carnage would twice engulf this continent. And while its hard to conceive of a cause more just than the defeat of the Third Reich and the Axis powers, World War II was a conflict in which the total number of civilians who died exceeded the number of soldiers who perished.当然，我们都知道，在人类历史的大部分时间内，这种“正义战争”的概念鲜被理会。人类显然有无穷的能力不断想出新的方式相互残杀，同样也有无穷的能力毫不怜惜那些外貌不同或信仰不同的人。军队之间的战争变成国家间的战争模糊了战斗人员与平民界线的全面战争。这种战争大屠杀曾在 30 年内两度侵吞这块大陆。虽然难以设想还有什么比击败第三帝国（Third Reich）和轴心国（Axis powers）更正义的事业，但在第二次世界大战中死亡的平民总数超过了战死疆场的军人。In the wake of such destruction, and with the advent of the nuclear age, it became clear to victor and vanquished alike that the world needed institutions to prevent another world war. And so, a quarter century after the United States Senate rejected the League of Nations - an idea for which Woodrow Wilson received this prize - America led the world in constructing an architecture to k
50. tween nations - total wars in whichthe distinctionbetween combatant and civilianbecameblurred.In the spanof 30 years, such carnage would twice engulf this continent. And whileit s hard to conceive of a cause more just than the defeat of the ThirdReich and theAxispowers,World War II was a conflict in
51. they have us on their side.Let me also say this: The promotion of human rights cannot be about exhortation alone. At times, it must be coupled with painstaking diplomacy. I know that engagementwith repressive regimes lacks the satisfying purity of indignation. But I also know that sanctions without
52. r against a democracy, and our closest friends are governments that protect the rights of their citizens. No matter how callously defined, neither America s interests- nor the world s - are served by the denial of human aspirations.So even as we respect the unique culture and traditions of different
53. to encourage our best and brightest young people to follow in the footsteps of folks just like you. This is especially critical right now, as so many teachers from the baby boom generation are preparing to retire - although they all look pretty young back here - (laughter) - we're not worried a
54. tween theefforts of those who serve and the ambivalence of the broader public. Iunderstand why war is not popular, but I also know this: The belief thatpeace is desirable is rarely enough to achieve it. Peace requiresresponsibility. Peace entails sacrifice. Thats why NATO continues tobe indispensabl
55. history;the imperfections of man and the limits of reason.I raise this point, I begin with this point because in manycountries there is a deep ambivalence about military action today, no matter what the cause. And at times, this is joined by a reflexive suspicion of America, the world s sole milita
56. rship as they please; choose their own leaders or assemble without fear. Pent-up grievances fester, and the suppression of tribal and religious identity can lead to violence. We also know that the opposite is true. Only when Europe became free did it finally find peace. America has never fought a wa
57. eitzer）和马丁路德金(King)；马歇尔(Marshall)和^v^ (Mandela)我的成就微不足道。还有全世界为追求正义而遭到监禁和欧打的男女志士；那些为减轻苦难而在人道组织中艰辛工作的人；那千百万默默无闻地以充满勇气和关爱的无声行动让最悲观的愤世嫉俗者也受到感召的人们。我绝不反驳那些认为这样的男女志士有些知名，有些只为他们所帮助的对象所知 远比我有资格获此殊荣的看法。But perhaps the most profound issue surrounding my receipt of this prize is the fact that I am the Commander-in-Chief of the military of a nation in the midst of two wars. One of these wars is winding down. The other is a conflict that America did not seek; one in which we are joined by 42 other countries -
58. I am committed to upholding this treaty. It is a centerpiece of my foreign policy. An d I m working with President Medvedev to reduce America and Russia s nuclear stockpiles.But it is also incumbent upon all of us to insist that nations like Iran and North Korea do not game the system. Those who cla
59. ate the destructive power of war. The concept of a “just war ” emerged,suggesting that war is justified only when certain conditions were met: if it is waged as a last resort or in self-defense; if the force used is proportional; and if, whenever possible, civilians are spared from violence.Of cours
60. fight. That is a source of our strength.That is why I prohibited torture. That is why I ordered the prison atGuantanamo Bay closed. And that is why I have reaffirmed Americascommitment to abide by the Geneva Conventions. Welose ourselves when we compromise the very ideals that we fight to defend. (A
61. iolent movement could not have halted Hitler s armies. Negotiations cannot convince al Qaedasleaders to lay down their arms. To say that force may sometimes be necessary is not a call to cynicism - it is a recognition of history; the imperfections of man and the limits of reason.I raise this point,
62. 3 强化语言能力
63. 用细腻的笔触和激昂的语言，真诚地传递出对竞选对手、竞争党派、亲朋好友、广大选民乃至国际社会的由衷感激、深情答谢和高度赞誉。
64. 奥巴马演讲中的语用移情分析
65. and hardship of our world, we are not mere prisoners of fate. Our actions matter, and can bend history in the direction of justice.And yet I would be remiss if I did not acknowledge the considerable controversy that your generous decision has generated. (Laughter.) In part, this is because I amat th
66. 激情四射，富有感染力
67. 3 及物性分析
68. ves as realists or idealists - atension that suggests a stark choice between the narrow pursuit of interests or an endless campaign to impose our values around the world.I reject these choices. I believe that peace is unstable where citizensare denied the right to speak freely or worship as they ple
69. etween armies gave way to wars between nations - total wars in which the distinction between combatant and civilian becameblurred. In the span of 30 years, such carnage would twice engulf this continent. And while it s hard to conceive of a cause more just than the defeat of the Third Reich and the
70. hat war is sometimes necessary, and war at some level is anexpression of human folly. Concretely, we must direct our effort to thetask thatPresident Kennedy called forlong ago. “Let us focus, ” he said,“on a more practical, more attainable peace, based not on a suddenrevolution in human nature but o
71. pursuit of justice; those who toil in humanitarian organizations to relieve suffering; the unrecognized millions whose quiet acts of courage and compassion inspire even the most hardened cynics. I cannot argue with those who find these men and women - some known, some obscure to all but those they h
72. im to respect international law cannot avert their eyes when those laws are flouted.Those who care for their own security cannot ignore the danger of an arms race in the Middle East or East Asia. Those who seek peace cannot stand idly by as nations arm themselves for nuclear war.The same principle a
73. 暗喻 (metaphor) 虽不是演讲最常用修辞之一, 但也经常出现在演讲中, 尤其是在马丁·路德·金的《我有一个梦想》中更是俯拾皆是。奥巴马的演讲没有用很多的暗喻, 毕竟该手法不像排比和重复等那么重要, 而且用多了但用不好反而会影响读者的接受。奥巴马演讲中的暗喻例句有“The road ahead will be long.Our climb will besteep.” (前方的路依旧很长。我们的前进将会充满坎坷。) ;还有“the rock of our family” (我家庭的基石) 用来指自己的妻子在家庭生活中的重要作用。
74. 研究背景及理论基础
75. 3 思维风格
76. 4 小结
77. ；它是如同干旱或疾病一样的现实是各个部落以及后来的各种文明谋求权力和解决分歧的方式。And over time, as codes of law sought to control violence within groups, so did philosophers and clerics and statesmen seek to regulate the destructive power of war. The concept of a “just war” emerged, suggesting that war is justified only when certain conditions were met: if it is waged as a last resort or in self-defense; if the force used is proportional; and if, whenever possible, civilians are spared from violence.后来，随着旨在控制群体内部暴力的规范的出现，哲学家、宗教领袖和政治家
78. ，我深怀感激并深表谦恭。这个奖表达出我们的最高理想尽管这个世界存在种种凶残困苦，但我们并不任命运摆布。我们的行动是有作用的，能够推动历史向正义方向发展。And yet I would be remiss if I did not acknowledge the considerable controversy that your generous decision has generated. (Laughter.) In part, this is because I am at the beginning, and not the end, of my labors on the world stage. Compared to some of the giants of history whove received this prize - Schweitzer and King; Marshall and Mandela - my accomplishments are slight. And then there are the men and women around th
79. elp -to be far more deserving of this honor than I.But perhaps the most profound issue surrounding my receipt of this prize is the fact that I am the Commander-in-Chief of the military of a nation in the midst of two wars. One of these wars is winding down. The other is a conflict that America did n
奥巴马获奖感言50字内容 44句
1. e. Thats why we must strengthen U.N.and regionalpeacekeeping, and not leave the task to a few countries. Thats why wehonor those who returnhome from peacekeeping and trainingabroad to Osloand Rome; to Ottawa and Sydney; to Dhaka and Kigali - we honor them not as makers of war, but of wagers - but as
2. g ago. “Let us focus, ” he said, “on a more practical, more attainable peace, based not on a sudden revolution in human nature but on a gradual evolution in human institut ions. ” A gradual evolution of human institutions.What might this evolution look like? What might these practical steps be?To be
3. That is what makesus different from those whom we fight. That is a source of our strength.That is why I prohibited torture. That is why I ordered the prison atGuantanamo Bay closed. And that is why I have reaffirmed Americascommitment to abide by the Geneva Conventions.Welose ourselveswhen wecompr
4. and peace, and our effort to replace one with the other.然而，我们仍处在战争时期，是我派遣成千上万名美国年轻人远赴战场。有些人要杀射，有些人要被杀射。因此，我是带着对武装冲突的代价的敏锐感觉来到这里的心中充满有关战争与和平的关系以及我们为用和平取代战争而努力的难题。Now these questions are not new. War, in one form or another, appeared with the first man. At the dawn of history, its morality was not questioned; it was simply a fact, like drought or disease - the manner in which tribes and then civilizations sought power and settled their differences.而这些问题并不新鲜。战争，以这样或那样的形式，随着人类的诞生而出现。在历史初期，战争的道义性无人质疑
5. The service and sacrifice of our men andwomeninuniformhas promoted peace and prosperityfrom GermanytoKorea,and enabled democracy to take hold in places like the Balkans. We haveborne this burden not because we seek to impose our will. We have doneso out of enlightened self-interest - because we se
6. 1 语言风格
7. day a definitive solution to the problems of war. What I do know is that meeting these challenges will require the samevision, hard work, and persistence of those men and women who acted so boldly decades ago. And it will require us to think in new ways about the notions of just war and the imperati
8. preventthe spread of nuclearweapons,and to seek a world withoutthem. In the middle of the lastcentury,nationsagreed to be bound by a treatywhose bargain is clear:Allwillhave accessto peacefulnuclear power; those withoutnuclear weapons willforsake them;and those with nuclear weapons will work toward
9. students, to make students feel important and wanted. I pondered the question because, although he may not have realized at the time - the reporter got a 10-second sound bite and I was handed a Rubik's Cube - the question did not seem to have an easy answer, because good teachers use a variety o
10. o avoid such tragic choices, and speak of three ways that we can build a just and lasting peace.First,in dealingwiththose nationsthatbreak rulesand laws,I believethat we must develop alternatives to violence that are tough enough toactuallychange behavior- forifwe want a lastingpeace, thenthe wordso
11. ves of a just peace.We must begin by acknowledging the hard truth: We will not eradicate violent conflict in our lifetimes. There will be times when nations -acting individually or in concert - will find the use of force not only necessary but morally justified.I makethis statement mindful of what M
12. 词语选择的多样性
13. 人称代词。通过统计得出奥巴马这五篇演讲中I (me) 265次、we (our, us) 194次685次、you (your) 257次、he (him, his) 46次、they (them, their) 176次。
14. task to a few countries. Thats why wehonor those who return homefrom peacekeeping and training abroad to Oslo and Rome; to Ottawa and Sydney; to Dhaka and Kigali - we honor them not as makers of war, but of wagers - but as wagers of peace.Let me make one final point about the use of force. Even as
15. 用简洁的笔墨和精炼的语言，准确地传达出对建国历程、时代功勋、国际挑战、政治方略和政治信念的精要评价和精辟回答。
16. ice;thosewho toil in humanitarian organizations to relieve suffering; theunrecognized millionswhose quietacts of courage and compassion inspireeven the most hardened cynics. I cannot argue with those who find thesemen and women - some known, some obscure to all but those they help -to be far more de
17. 定还有一些更重要的东西，所以才有了那段著名的颁奖感言：“真正优秀的教师具有一个重要的品质，那就是能够读懂故事，他知道每一个来到自己跟前的孩子，都有一个独一无二的故事。好老师不仅能够读懂故事，还能够把信心和成功写入孩子的故事，他帮助孩子编辑错误，和孩子一起创作更美的故事”。以下是原文: 奥巴马总统在文中提到： You know, we've got a lot of teachers here today and I'm a big fan of teachers because every single day in classrooms all across America,
18. rage to murder innocents on a horrific scale.Moreover, wars between nations have increasingly given way to wars within nations. The resurgence of ethnic or sectarian conflicts; the growth of secessionist movements, insurgencies, and failed states - all thesethings have increasingly trapped civilians
19. nstitutions - not just treaties and declarations - that broughtstability to a post-World War II world. Whatever mistakes we have made,the plainfactisthis:The UnitedStates of America has helped underwriteglobal security for morethan six decades withthe blood ofour citizensand the strength of our arms
20. 模糊与语用移情
21. THE PRESIDENT: Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, distinguished members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, citizens of America, and citizens of the world:I receive this honor with deep gratitude and great humility. It is an award that speaks to our highest aspirations - that for all the cruelty a
22. here with an acute sense of the costs ofarmed conflict - filled with difficult questions about the relationship between war and peace, and our effort to replace one with the other.Now these questions are not new. War, in one form or another, appearedwith the first man. At the dawn of history, its m
23. event genocide, restrict the most dangerous weapons.In manyways, these effortssucceeded. Yes, terriblewars have been fought,and atrocitiescommitted.But there has been no Third World War. The ColdWar ended withjubilant crowds dismantlinga wall.Commercehas stitchedmuch of the world together. Billions
24. 重复 (repetition) 在汉语的修辞手法里是不单列出来的。而且上边谈到的排比其实也属于重复的范畴, 而后边即将谈到的头韵, 不会谈到的谐元韵、谐辅韵等语音重复也包括在内。只不过修辞里指的重复更狭窄或更具体一些, 一般分为两种:同义词重复和句子结构重复。同义词重复如:“We rise or fall as one nation;as one people.” (不论我们沉与浮, 我们都是一个国家、一个民族) ;再如“who left their homes and their families” (他们离开了自己的家, 自己的家人) ;又如:“This is our moment.This is our time.” (这是我们的时刻。这是我们的时代) ;还有“every decision or policy I make as President” (我作为总统所做的每一个决定和决策) 。结构的重复如“It’s the answer...”重复了三次, “Yes we can.”重复了七次, 强调了奥巴马作为总统对全国上下的充分信赖以及对光明未来的坚信不移, 而这一句如今也成为了一句脍炙人口的流行语。结构的重复与排比很相似, 学生容易混淆。两者的区别是排比句子都并列在一起, 结构紧凑;而重复的结构一般相隔着其他的句子乃至段落。
25. the United States Senate rejected the League of Nations - an idea forwhich Woodrow Wilson received this prize - America led the world in constructing an architecture to keep the peace: a Marshall Plan and a United Nations, mechanisms to govern the waging of war, treaties to protect human rights, pr
26. ders ofthese governmentsfear the aspirationsof their own people more thanthepower ofany othernation.And it is theresponsibilityof all free peopleand free nations to make clear that these movements - these movements of hope and history - they have us on their side.Let me also say this: The promotion
27. 4 演讲技巧
28. f teaching techniques to help children learn well. But the investigator in me was looking for a common thread that linked all good teachers. And I finally came to realize that the very best teachers have one common quality: They know how to read a story. They know that each and every child arrives a
29. ose who claim to respect international law cannot avert their eyes when those laws are flouted.Those who care for their own security cannot ignore the danger of an arms race in the Middle East or East Asia. Those who seek peace cannot standidly by as nations arm themselves for nuclear war.The same p
30. 模糊与预设
31. from violence.Of course, we know that for most of history, this concept of “just war” was rarely observed. The capacity of human beings to think up new ways to kill one another proved inexhaustible, as did our capacity to exempt from mercy those who look different or pray to a different God. Wars b
32. here human beings do nothave access to enough food, or clean water, or the medicine and shelter they n eed to survive. It does not exist where children cant aspire toa decent education or a job that supports a family. The absence of hope can rot a society from within.And that s why helping farmers f
33. troika not only improved relations with the Soviet Union, but empowered dissidents throughout Eastern Europe. There s no simple formula here. But we must try as best we can to balance isolation and engagement, pressure and incentives, so that human rights and dignity are advanced over time.Third, a
34. fail.And the closerwe stand together,the less likely wewill be faced with the choice between armed intervention and complicity in oppression.This brings me to a second point - the nature of the peace that we seek. For peace is not merely the absence of visible conflict. Only a just peacebased on the
35. including Norway - in an effort to defend ourselves and all nations from further attacks.但与我获奖有关的最深层的问题可能在于我是一个正打着两场战争的国家的三军统帅。其中一场战争已接近尾声。另一场并非是美国挑起的冲突；有包括挪威在内的 42 个国家在与我们共同努力，为的是保护我们及其他所有国家不再遭受攻击。Still, we are at war, and Im responsible for the deployment of thousands of young Americans to battle in a distant land. Some will kill, and some will be killed. And so I come here with an acute sense of the costs of armed conflict - filled with difficult questions about the relationship between war
36. have been lifted from poverty. Theideals of liberty and self-determination, equality and the rule of lawhave haltinglyadvanced. Weare the heirsof the fortitude and foresightof generations past, and it is a legacy for which my own country is rightfully proud.And yet, a decade into a new century, this
37. and missions more complex, America cannot act alone. America alone cannot secure the peace. This is true in Afghanistan. This is true in failed states like Somalia, where terrorism and piracy is joined by famine and human suffering. And sadly, it will continue to be true in unstable regions for yea
38. - in fact,no nation -can insistthat othersfollowthe rules of the road if we refuse to follow them ourselves. For when wedont, our actionsappear arbitrary and undercut the legitimacy of futureinterventions, no matter how justified.And this becomes particularly important when the purpose of militaryac
39. 时态的顺应———现在时的运用而产生的移情。
40. 2 情感诉诸(pathos)
41. erstand why war is not popular, but I also know this: The belief that peace is desirable is rarely enough to achieve it. Peace requires responsibility. Peace entails sacrifice. That s why NATO continues tobe indispensable. That s why we must strengthen U.N.and regionalpeacekeeping, and not leave the
42. l. And the closer we stand together, the less likely wewill be faced with the choice between armed intervention and complicity in oppression.This brings me to a second point - the nature of the peace that we seek. For peace is not merely the absence of visible conflict. Only a just peace based on th
43. 情态动词。通过这几篇文章的情态动词的使用频率统计, 我们可以得出五篇演讲文稿中高值情态动词must使用了14次, 中值情态动词should (32次) 、can (96次) 、will (70次) ;低值情态动词may (17次) 其中有关外交政策篇里面must使用最多为11次, 其次是战争篇must使用次数为3词, 其余三篇must使用次数均为0次。
44. ctic, but modern technology allows a few small men with outsized rage to murder innocents on a horrific scale.Moreover, wars between nations have increasingly given way to wars within nations. The resurgence of ethnic or sectarian conflicts; the growth of secessionist movements, insurgencies, and fa
奥巴马获奖感言50字内容 74句
1. e justified onhumanitarian grounds, asit wasin the Balkans,or in other places thathave been scarred by war. Inactiontears at our conscience and can lead to more costly intervention later.That s why allresponsiblenationsmust embrace the rolethatmilitarieswith a clear mandate can play to keep the peac
2. thoseaspirations thatareuniversal. We will bear witness to the quiet dignity of reformers likeAung Sang Suu Kyi; to the bravery of Zimbabweans who cast their ballotsin the face of beatings; to the hundreds of thousands who have marchedsilently through the streets of Iran. It is telling that the lea
3. verty and connected toopen societies. Pope John Pauls engagement with Poland created spacenot justfor the CatholicChurch,but forlaborleaders like Lech Walesa.Ronald Reagan s efforts on arms control and embrace of perestroika notonly improved relations with the Soviet Union, but empowered dissidentsthroughout Eastern Europe. Theres no simple formula here. But we musttry as best we can to balance isolation and engagement, pressure and incentives, so that human rights and dignity are advanced over time.Third, a just peace includes not only civil and political rights - itmust encompa
4. Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been a collection of Red States and Blue States: we are, and always will be, the United States of America. “红色营”暗喻“共和党”，“蓝色阵营”暗喻“民主党”。
5. forts in Afghanistan, because of the horror of thosesenseless attacks and the recognized principle of self-defense. Likewise, the world recognized the need to confront SaddamHussein when he invadedKuwait - a consensus that sent a clear message to all about the cost of aggression.Furthermore,America
6. countries, America will always be a voice for those aspirations that are universal. We will bear witness to the quiet dignity of reformers like Aung Sang Suu Kyi; to the bravery of Zimbabweans who cast their ballots in the face of beatings; to the hundreds of thousands who have marched silently thr
7. the American people. For make no mistake: Evil does exist in the world. A non-violent movement could not have halted Hitler s armies. Negotiations cannot convince al Qaedasleaders to lay down their arms. To say that force may sometimes be necessary is not a call to cynicism - it is a recognition of
8. e.Americas commitment to globalsecuritywillnever waver. But in a worldin which threats are more diffuse, and missions more complex, Americacannot act alone. Americaalone cannot securethe peace. This istrue inAfghanistan.This istruein failedstateslikeSomalia,where terrorismand piracy is joined by fam
9. ry superpower.But the world must remember that it was not simply international institutions - not just treaties and declarations - that brought stability to a post-World War II world. Whatever mistakes we have made, the plain fact is this: The United States of America has helped underwrite global se
10. 引言
11. omise the very ideals that we fight to defend. (Applause.) And wehonor - we honor those ideals by upholdingthem notwhen it s easy, butwhen it is hard.I have spoken at some length to the question that must weigh on our minds and our hearts as we choose to wage war. But let me now turn to our effort t
12. 第一人称复数we的使用
13. ough the streets of Iran. It is telling that the leaders of these governments fear the aspirations of their own people more than the power of any other nation. And it is the responsibility of all free people and free nations to make clear that these movements - these movements of hope and history -
14. iled states - all these things have increasingly trapped civilians in unending chaos. In today s wars, many more civilians are killed than soldiers; the seeds of future conflict are sown, economies are wrecked, civil societies torn asunder, refugees amassed, children scarred.I do not bring with meto
15. statesmen seek to regulate the destructive power of war. The concept of a“just war ” emerged,suggesting that war is justified only when certain conditions were met: if it is waged as a last resort or in self-defense; if the force used is proportional; and if, whenever possible, civilians are spared
16. tears at our conscience and can lead to more costly intervention later.That s why all responsible nations must embrace the role that militari es with a clear mandate can play to keep the peace.Americas commitment to global security will never waver. But in a world in which threats are more diffuse,
17. old architecture is buckling under the weight of new threats. The world may no longer shudder at the prospect of war between two nuclear superpowers, but proliferation may increase the risk of catastrophe. Terrorism has long been a tactic, but modern technology allows a few small men with outsized
18. 9;s no such thing as a child that can't learn; that every child has their own gifts, and it's up to us to discover them - and it's up to us to see in our children what they can't yet see in themselves.（看来总统还是清楚教师这一职业并给与认可和高度评价的！） And for you, those teachers who are in attendance toda
19. e beginning, and not the end, of my labors on the world stage. Compared to some of the giants of history whovereceived this prize - Schweitzer and King; Marshall and Mandela - my accomplishments are slight. And then there are the men and women around the world who have been jailed and beaten in the
20. ek a better futurefor our childrenand grandchildren,and we believethat their liveswillbe betterifothers children and grandchildrencan live infreedom andprosperity.So yes, the instruments of war do have a role to play in preserving thepeace. And yet thistruthmust coexistwith another- thatno matterhow
21. 奥巴马诺贝尔获奖感言-中英对照Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, distinguished members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, citizens of America, and citizens of the world:国王和王后陛下，各位殿下，杰出的挪威诺贝尔委员会（Norwegian Nobel Committee）委员，美国公民及全世界公民们：I receive this honor with deep gratitude and great humility. It is an award that speaks to our highest aspirations - that for all the cruelty and hardship of our world, we are not mere prisoners of fate. Our actions matter, and can bend history in the direction of justice.获此殊荣
22. ine and human suffering. And sadly, it will continue to be true in unstable regions for years to come.The leaders and soldiersof NATOcountries, and other friendsand allies,demonstrate this truth through the capacity and courage theyve shownin Afghanistan. But inmany countries,there is a disconnectbe
23. 奥巴马获胜演讲的修辞
24. 暗喻(metaphor)
25. you are making a difference. You don't always get the recognition that you deserve. We don't always value the teaching profession like we should. But every once in a while, I think people start to understand not just in their own lives but in the lives of the nation how important the teachi
26. rvethe right to actunilaterally if necessaryto defend mynation. Nevertheless, I am convinced that adhering to standards,international standards, strengthens those who do, and isolates and weakens those who don t.The world rallied around America after the 9/11 attacks, and continues to support our ef
27. Axis powers, World War II was a conflict in which the total number of civilians whodied exceeded the number of soldiers who perished.In the wake of such destruction, and with the advent of the nuclear age, it became clear to victor and vanquished alike that the world needed institutions to prevent a
28. about how to prevent the slaughter of civilians by their own government, or to stop a civil war whose violence and suffering can engulf an entire region.I believe that force can be justified on humanitarian grounds, as it was in the Balkans, or in other places that have been scarred by war. Inaction
29. gin with, I believe that all nations - strong and weak alike - must adhere to standards that govern the use of force. I - like any head of state - reserve the right to actunilaterally if necessary to defend mynation. Nevertheless, I am convinced that adhering to standards, international standards, s
30. o often,these words are ignored.For somecountries,the failureto uphold human rightsis excused bythe false suggestion that thesearesomehow Western principles, foreign to local cultures or stages of anation s development.And withinAmerica,there has long been a tensionbetween those who describe themsel
31. d the need to confront SaddamHussein when he invaded Kuwait - a consensus that sent a clear message to all about the cost of aggression.Furthermore, America - in fact, no nation - can insist that others follow the rules of the road if we refuse to follow them ourselves. For when we dont, our actions
32. THE PRESIDENT: Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, distinguished members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, citizens of America, and citizens of the world: I receive this honor with deep gratitude and great humility. It is an award that speaks to our highest aspirations - that for all the cruelty
33. ways that we can build a just and lasting peace.First, in dealing with those nations that break rules and laws, I believe that we must develop alternatives to violence that are tough enough to actually change behavior - for if we want a lasting peace, then the words of the international community m
34. 阐述了这次总统选举的历史意义。暗示奥巴马的当选符合广大民众的意愿，因此，他的当选也是民众的胜利。
35. 语气的顺应———疑问语气和虚拟语气的运用而产生的移情。
36. 头韵 (alliteration) , 即相邻或不相邻的一组词开头字母的重复, 也是演讲常用修辞之一。如“the heartache and the hope” (痛苦和希望) , 如果把heartache换成pain或agony, 意思虽未改变, 但头韵就没有了, 修辞效果明显下降;又如:“Let us resist the temptation to fall back on the same partisanship and pettiness and immaturity that has poisoned our politics for so long.” (让我们抵制诱惑, 以免再次回到以前那种毒害了我们的政治那么久的党派偏见、卑鄙小气和不成熟) ;再如“it is only the chance for us to make that change” (这是我们唯一加以改变的机会) , 其实chance可以用opportunity, 但换词之后就没有了头韵。又如“to put our people back to work and open doors of opportunity for our kids;to restore prosperity and promote the cause of peace” (使我们的人民重新回到工作岗位, 为我们的儿童提供更多的机会, 恢复我们国家的繁荣昌盛, 稳步推进和平事业) 。使用头韵的作用是丰富语言结构, 以引起听众的注意, 使观点更容易被他们接受。
37. in unending chaos. In today s wars, many more civilians are killed than soldiers; the seeds of futureconflict are sown, economies are wrecked, civil societies torn asunder, refugees amassed, children scarred.I do not bring with me today a definitive solution to the problems of war. What I do know i
38. 对比(contrast)
39. I begin with this point because in manycountries there is a deep ambivalence about military action today, no matter what the cause. And at times, this is joined by a reflexive suspicion of America, the world s sole military superpower.But the world must remember that it was not simply internationali
40. 结论
41. non-violence. I know there s nothing weak - nothing passive - nothing na?ve - in the creed and lives of Gandhi and King.But as a head of state sworn to protect and defend my nation, I cannot be guided by their examples alone. I face the world as it is, and cannot stand idle in the face of threats to
42. outreach -condemnation without discussion - can carry forward only a crippling status quo. No repressive regime can move down a new path unless it has the choice of an open door.In light of the Cultural Revolution s horrors, Nixon s meeting with Mao appeared inexcusable - and yet it surely helped se
43. 也纷纷致力于用条文限制战争的破坏力。“正义战争”的概念由此形成，亦即认为，在符合以下几个具体条件时，战争是正义的：如果战争是最后手段或是为自我防御；如果武力程度适当；以及在一切可能的情况下不对平民使用暴力。Of course, we know that for most of history, this concept of “just war” was rarely observed. The capacity of human beings to think up new ways to kill one another proved inexhaustible, as did our capacity to exempt from mercy those who look different or pray to a different God. Wars between armies gave way to wars between nations - total wars in which the distinction between combatant and civil
44. ous, and we must never trumpet it as such.So part of our challenge is reconciling these two seemingly inreconcilable truths - that war is sometimes necessary, and war at some level is an expression of human folly. Concretely, we must direct our effort to the task that President Kennedycalled for lon
45. 2 修辞风格
46. we have a moral and strategic interest in binding ourselves to certain rules of conduct.And even as we confront a viciousadversary that abides by no rules, I believe the United States of America must remain a standard bearer in the conduct of war. That is what makes us different from those whom we
47. y and for so many of your colleagues across this country, teaching is not just about a paycheck - it's a passion and it's a calling.下面是托尼老师的部分获奖感言： When I was named Connecticut State Teacher of the Year, a local reporter approached me and asked me what makes a good teacher. I told him that p
48. s disarmament. I amcommitted to upholding this treaty. It is a centerpiece of my foreignpolicy. And I m working with President Medvedev to reduce America andRussia s nuclear stockpiles.But it is also incumbent upon all of us to insist that nations like Iran and North Korea do not game the system. Th
49. curity for morethan six decades with the blood of our citizensand the strength of our arms. The service and sacrifice of our men and womenin uniform has promoted peace and prosperity from Germanyto Korea, and enabled democracy to take hold in places like the Balkans. We have borne this burden not be
50. justified, war promises human tragedy. The soldiers courage andsacrifice is fullof glory,expressingdevotion tocountry,to cause,tocomrades in arms. But war itself is never glorious, and we must nevertrumpet it as such.So part of our challenge is reconcilingthese two seemingly inreconcilabletruths - t
51. 研究发现
52. 词语选择的准确性
53. 1 及物性特征分析
54. ng force behind the Geneva Conventions.Whereforce is necessary, we have a moral and strategicinterestinbindingourselves to certain rules of conduct.And even as we confront a viciousadversary that abides by no rules,I believetheUnited StatesofAmericamust remain a standard bearer in the conduct of war
55. 头韵（alliteration），即相邻或不相邻的一组词开头
56. ase; choosetheir own leaders or assemble without fear. Pent-up grievances fester,and the suppression oftribaland religiousidentitycan leadtoviolence.We also know that the opposite is true. Only when Europe became free diditfinallyfindpeace. America has never fought a war againsta democracy,and ourcl
57. rs to come.The leaders and soldiers of NATOcountries, and other friends and allies, demonstrate this truth through the capacity and courage theyve shownin Afghanistan. But in many countries, there is a disconnect between the efforts of those who serve and the ambivalence of the broader public. I und
58. 头韵 (Alliteration) 和尾韵 (Rhyme)
59. assion, professionalism, and perseverance are three main traits a good teacher must display in the classroom - and they are. But as I drove home that day, the reporter's question began to nag at me because I knew good teachers possess some other special quality that make them able to connect to
60. 暗喻（metaphor）虽不是演讲最常用修辞之一，但也
61. 具体分析
62. 1 词汇分析
63. of human rights cannot be aboutexhortation alone. At times, it must be coupled with painstaking diplomacy. I know that engagement with repressive regimes lacks the satisfying purityof indignation. But I also know that sanctions without outreach - condemnation without discussion - can carry forward o
64. 第二人称you的使用
65. t China on a path where millions of its citizens have been lifted from poverty and connected to open societies. Pope John Paul s engagement with Poland created space not just for the Catholic Church, but for labor leaders like Lech Walesa. Ronald Reagan s efforts on arms control and embrace of peres
66. e, we know that formost of history,thisconceptof“justwar”was rarely observed. The capacity of human beings to think up new waysto kill one another proved inexhaustible, as did our capacity to exemptfrom mercy those who look different or pray to a different God. Warsbetween armies gave way to wars be
67. 模糊与合作原则及礼貌原则
68. 2 锤炼演讲素养
69. 相关研究回顾
70. nd hardship of our world, we are not mere prisoners of fate. Our actions matter, and can bend history in the direction of justice.And yet I would be remiss if I did not acknowledge the considerablecontroversy that your generous decision has generated. (Laughter.) Inpart, thisis because Iam atthebegi
71. 语用移情和顺应理论
72. pplause.) And we honor - we honor those ideals by upholding them not when it s easy, but when it is hard.I have spoken at somelength to the question that must weigh on our minds and our hearts as we choose to wage war. But let menow turn to our effort to avoid such tragic choices, and speak of three
73. e world who have been jailed and beaten in the pursuit of justice; those who toil in humanitarian organizations to relieve suffering; the unrecognized millions whose quiet acts of courage and compassion inspire even the most hardened cynics. I cannot argue with those who find these men and women - some known, some obscure to all but those they help - to be far more deserving of this honor than I.不过，如果不坦承你们这项厚爱有加的决定所引起的相当激烈的争议，那我就有失疏忽了。 （笑声）其中部分原因是，我在世界舞台上的奋斗才刚刚开始，而不是接近尾声。与曾经获此殊荣的一些历史巨人相比史怀哲（Schw
74. bout that. And recent evaluations of student performance show that while we're making progress, we still have a long way to go. I know personally, Michelle knows that what teachers do is not easy. My sister, Maya, is a teacher; Jill Biden, a teacher. We know how hard teachers work. And I know wh
奥巴马获奖感言50字内容 22句
1. 1 理性诉诸(logos)
2. we make difficult decisions about going to war, we must also think clearly about how we fight it. The Nobel Committee recognized this truth in awarding its first prize for peace to Henry Dunant - the founder of the Red Cross, and a driving force behind the Geneva Conventions.Whereforce is necessary,
3. escribe themselves as realists or idealists - a tension that suggests a stark choice between the narrow pursuit of interests or an endless campaign to impose our values around the world.I reject these choices. I believe that peace is unstable where citizens are denied the right to speak freely or wo
4. ng profession is and how we've got to do a better job of lifting it up. In a global economy where the greatest job qualification isn't what you can do but what you know, our teachers are the key to our nation's success; to whether America will lead the world in the discoveries and the in
5. 精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 美国总统奥巴马在全美年度教师颁奖典礼上的讲话 2009年4月30日，新上任的美国总统奥巴马在白宫的玫瑰园举行了全美年度教师颁奖典礼，在这个典礼上，新任总统与新任年度教师的两段致词感动了许多人。 总统先生说：“我和米歇尔都没有令人羡慕的家庭背景，我们能够来到这里的唯一原因，就是在人生的关键时刻，有像托尼，马伦这样的老师将我们引入了正确的方向”。而托尼老师说在得知自己获奖的消息之后，很多记者都问他一个问题，那就是他心目中的好教师究竟是什么样的？ 托尼想了三个词汇，激情，专业和毅力。激情是夺目的光芒，无法让人视而不见，专业是技术保障，毅力是个性品质。但除了这些，托尼认为一
6. killed. And so I come here with an acute sense of the costs of armed conflict - filled with difficult questions about the relationship between war and peace, and our effort to replace one with the other.Now these questions are not new. War, in one form or another, appeared with the first man. At th
7. cause we seek to impose our will. We have done so out of enlightened self-interest - because we seek a better future for our children and grandchildren, and we believe that their lives will be better if others children and grandchildren can live in freedom and prosperity.So yes, the instruments of w
8. never brings permanent peace. Itsolves no social problem: it merely creates new and more complicatedones. ” As someonewho standshere as a directconsequence of Dr. King slife work, I am living testimony to the moral force of non-violence. Iknow there s nothingweak -nothing passive -nothing na?ve - i
9. e inherent rights and dignity of every individual can truly be lasting.It was this insight that drove drafters of the Universal Declaration ofHumanRights after the Second World War. In the wake of devastation, they recognized that if human rights are not protected, peace is a hollow promise.And yet
10. s that meeting these challenges will require the samevision, hard work, and persistence of those men and women who acted soboldly decades ago. And it will require us to think in new ways about the notions of just war and the imperatives of a just peace.We must begin by acknowledging the hard truth:
11. ust mean something. Those regimes that break the rules must be held accountable. Sanctions must exact a real price. Intransigence must be met with increased pressure - and such pressure exists only when the world stands together as one.Oneurgent example is the effort to prevent the spread of nuclear
12. trengthens those who do, and isolates and weakens those who don t.The world rallied around America after the 9/11 attacks, and continues to support our efforts in Afghanistan, because of the horror of those senseless attacks and the recognized principle of self-defense. Likewise, the world recognize
13. too often, these words are ignored. For somecountries, the failure to uphold human rights is excused by the false suggestion that these are somehow Western principles, foreign to local cultures or stages of a nation s development. And within America, there has long been a tension between those who d
14. rinciple applies to those who violate international laws bybrutalizingtheirown people. Whenthere is genocide in Darfur,systematicrape in Congo, repression in Burma - there must be consequences. Yes,there will be engagement;yes, there will bediplomacy - but there mustbe consequences when those things
15. appear arbitrary and undercut the legitimacy of future interventions, no matter how justified.And this becomes particularly important when the purpose of military action extendsbeyond self-defense or the defense of one nation against an aggressor. More and more, we all confront difficult questions
16. e dawnof history, its morality was not questioned; it was simply a fact, like drought or disease - the manner in which tribes and then civilizations sought power and settled their differences.And over time, as codes of law sought to control violence within groups, so did philosophers and clerics and
17. 重复（repetition）在汉语的修辞手法里是不单列出
18. weapons, and to seek a world without them. In the middle of the last century, nations agreed to be bound by a treaty whose bargain is clear: All will have access to peaceful nuclear power; those without nuclear weaponswill forsake them; and those with nuclear weapons will work towards disarmament.
19. orality was not questioned; it was simply a fact, like drought or disease - the manner in which tribesand then civilizations sought power and settled their differences.And over time, as codes of law sought to control violence within groups, so did philosophers and clerics and statesmen seek to regul
20. tion extendsbeyond self-defense or the defense of one nation againstan aggressor. More and more, we all confront difficult questions abouthow to prevent theslaughter ofcivilians bytheir own government,or tostop a civilwar whose violenceand sufferingcan engulfan entireregion.I believe that force canb
21. We will not eradicate violent conflict in our lifetimes. There will be times when nations - acting individually or in concert - will find the use of force not only necessary but morally justified.I make this statementmindfulof what Martin LutherKing Jr. said in thissame ceremony years ago: “Violence
22. n thecreed and lives of Gandhi and King.But as a head of state sworn to protect and defend my nation, I cannot be guided by their examples alone. I face the world as it is, and cannot stand idle in the face of threats to the American people. For make no mistake: Evil does exist in the world. A non-v